module Psych::Nodes - Documentation for Ruby 4.0
Description: module Psych::Nodes: Overview When using Psych. load to deserialize a YAML document, the document is translated to an intermediary AST.
Keywords: ruby,module,Psych::Nodes

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# module Psych::Nodes

# Overview

When using `Psych.load` to deserialize a `YAML` document, the document is translated to an intermediary AST. That intermediary AST is then translated in to a Ruby object graph.

In the opposite direction, when using `Psych.dump`, the Ruby object graph is translated to an intermediary AST which is then converted to a `YAML` document.

`Psych::Nodes` contains all of the classes that make up the nodes of a `YAML` AST. You can manually build an AST and use one of the visitors (see `Psych::Visitors`) to convert that AST to either a `YAML` document or to a Ruby object graph.

Here is an example of building an AST that represents a list with one scalar:

    # Create our nodes
    stream = Psych::Nodes::Stream.new
    doc    = Psych::Nodes::Document.new
    seq    = Psych::Nodes::Sequence.new
    scalar = Psych::Nodes::Scalar.new('foo')

    # Build up our tree
    stream.children << doc
    doc.children    << seq
    seq.children    << scalar

The stream is the root of the tree. We can then convert the tree to YAML:

    stream.to_yaml => "---\n- foo\n"

Or convert it to Ruby:

    stream.to_ruby => [["foo"]]

## `YAML` AST Requirements

A valid `YAML` AST must have one `Psych::Nodes::Stream` at the root. A `Psych::Nodes::Stream` node must have 1 or more `Psych::Nodes::Document` nodes as children.

`Psych::Nodes::Document` nodes must have one and only one child. That child may be one of:

- `Psych::Nodes::Sequence`

- `Psych::Nodes::Mapping`

- `Psych::Nodes::Scalar`

`Psych::Nodes::Sequence` and `Psych::Nodes::Mapping` nodes may have many children, but `Psych::Nodes::Mapping` nodes should have an even number of children.

All of these are valid children for `Psych::Nodes::Sequence` and `Psych::Nodes::Mapping` nodes:

- `Psych::Nodes::Sequence`

- `Psych::Nodes::Mapping`

- `Psych::Nodes::Scalar`

- `Psych::Nodes::Alias`

`Psych::Nodes::Scalar` and `Psych::Nodes::Alias` are both terminal nodes and should not have any children.